The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.